• The majority (93%) of molestations of children are not committed by strangers but by people who are known and trusted within or about the family, leaving 7% of crimes against children committed by strangers. 0
• National Violence Against Women Survey revealed that among those women who reported being raped, 76% were victimized by a current or former husband, live-in partner or date.1
• A Bureau of Justice Statistics study found that nearly 9 out of 10 rape or sexual assault victimization’s involved a single offender with whom the victim had a prior relationship.0
• National Crime Victimization Survey indicated 73% of rapes against females age 12 and older were perpetrated by someone known to the victim.7
• Approximately 60% of boys and 80% of girls who are sexually victimized are abused by someone known to the child or the child’s family. Almost 50% of the offenders are household members. 38% are already acquaintances of the victims. 4
• A Canadian study6 provided similar results revealing that only 12% of all sexual offenses against minors reported to police in Canada identified a stranger as the perpetrator.5
• 2010 National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey8 reported 51.1% of female victims of rape reported being sexually abused by an intimate partner, 40.8% by an acquaintance and 13.8% by a stranger, while 52.4% of male victims of rape reported being raped by an acquaintance and 15.1% by a stranger.6
• Based on police-recorded incident data, in 90% of the rapes of children younger than 12, the child knew the offender.
• A large portion (60%) of perpetrators of sexual abuse are known to the child, but are not family (e.g., family friends, babysitters, child care providers).30% of perpetrators are within the family10% are strangers

• Further, reoffense rates vary among different types of sexual offenders and are related to specific characteristics of the offender and the offense.
• Recently the Bureau of Justice Statistics published a study which tracked 9,700 sex offenders for three years, their findings concluded:
  • Only 5.3% of these people imprisoned for sex crimes were re-arrested for a subsequent sex offense.
  • Where a child was involved, the re-arrest rate dropped to 3.3%.
  • Between two adults, the sexual re-offense rate was 2.2%.
• Adult Males: U.S. Department of Justice reported a 9-year re-arrest rate for sexual offenses of 7.7% among individuals who committed a sexual offense and were released from prison in 2005. (Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2019). Recidivism of Sex Offenders Released from State Prison: A 9-Year Follow-Up (2005-14). (No. NCJ- 251773). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice).
• Adult Females: Recidivism rates for females convicted of sexual crimes are considerably lower than those of males convicted of sexual crimes, averaging less than 3%.(Cortoni, F., Hanson, R.K. & Coache, M.E. (2010). The recidivism rates of female sexual offenders are low: A meta- analysis. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 22(4), 387-401.)
• Juvenile Males: A recent large scale meta-analytic study identified the estimated base rate for sexual recidivism in juveniles adjudicated for a sexual crime falls approximately between 3% and 10%, with a global average of approximately 5%3. This study additionally documented a 73% decline in adolescent sexual recidivism over the past 30 years. Even across a 20-year prospective follow-up study with a clinical sample, sexual recidivism rates remained low, with the lowest recidivism rates identified for youth who participated in specialized treatment (9% in treated compared to 21% untreated). (Worling, J. R., Litteljohn, A., & Bookalam, D. (2010). 20-Year prospective follow-up study of specialized treatment for adolescents who offended sexually. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 28(1), 46–57.)
• Juvenile Females: Unknown due to small sample sizes and limited to no research; however, based upon the research on adult females and juvenile males, both which present with low sexual recidivism risk potential, it is likely this population also presents with lower risk for future sexual crimes.

• Offenders who have stable housing reoffend less often, than offenders who are homeless, or bounce from place to place.
• “Homelessness increases the risk for recidivism for all criminal offenders, not merely sex offenders. When you put people in a position where they have nothing to lose, they don’t really have a stake in conforming.” – Dr. Jill Levenson

• As of 1998, 2.78 million men in the U.S. had been victims of attempted or completed rape.

• 27% are Black
• 8% are unknown ethnicity
• 6% other
• 1% mixed race

• 15% in an open or public place
• 12% at or near a relatives home
• 10% in an enclosed, but public place
• 8% on school property

• 29% were traveling to and from work or school, or traveling to shop or run errands
• 12% were working
• 7% were attending school
• 5% were doing an unknown or other activity

• 12% of gay men reported having been victims of forced sex by a partner
• 31% of lesbian women reported having been victims of forced sex by a partner

• One in 5 women and one in 16 men are sexually assaulted while in college
  Krebs, C. P., Lindquist, C., Warner, T., Fisher, B., & Martin, S. (2007). The campus sexual assault (CSA) study: Final report.
• 4% of college males reported being sexually assaulted
• 18% of college females reported being sexually assaulted
• 21% of TGQN (transgender, genderqueer, nonconforming) college students reported being sexually assaulted
• 4% of college males in the study admitted having committed a sexual assault.
  • 26% admitted having made a forceful attempt at sexual intercourse that caused observable distress in the woman.
  • 63.3% of men at one university who self-reported acts qualifying as rape or attempted rape admitted to committing repeat rapes
• Women in sororities are 74% more likely to experience rape than other college women, and those who live in the sorority house are over three times as likely to experience rape
• Two different longitudinal studies have found that fraternity men are three times more likely to commit sexual assault than other college men

• And another indicated that only 32% of sexual assaults against persons 12 or older were reported to law enforcement.
• More than 90% of sexual assault victims on college campuses do not report the assault
• 81% of victims in the Military did not report the crime in 2016.
• 28% will report to protect the household or victim from further crimes by the offender
• 25% will report to stop the incident or prevent recurrence or escalation
• 21% will report to improve police surveillance or they believed they had a duty to do so
• 17% will report to catch/punish/prevent offender from reoffending
• 6% gave a different answer, or declined to cite one reason
• 3% did so to get help or recover loss
• 20% feared retaliation
• 13% believed the police would not do anything to help
• 13% believed it was a personal matter
• 8% reported to a different official
• 8% believed it was not important enough to report
• 7% did not want to get the perpetrator in trouble
• 2% believed the police could not do anything to help
• 30% gave another reason, or did not cite one reason

Victims are most likely to report being sexually assaulted when:

• The assailant is a stranger
• The victim is physically injured during the attack
• A weapon was used